GUILLAIN-BARRÉ SYNDROME: CURRENT UNDERSTANDING OF THE PATHOLOGY (REVIEW)

Abstract

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), also called acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, is an acquired immune-mediated neuropathy, the development of which occurs due to an immune reaction to a previous immune-activating event (viral or bacterial infection, surgical intervention, etc.). It is the most common cause of acute neuromuscular weakness and paralysis worldwide. Immune-mediated attack on peripheral nervous system myelin, axons or both is presumed to be triggered by molecular mimicry, with both cell- and humoral-dependent mechanisms implicated in disease pathogenesis [1, 9, 11]. The prevalence of this pathology is 1-2 persons per 100,000 of population each year [5], and about 100,000 people are developing the disorder every year worldwide [12]. Thus, it cannot be classified as a frequently occurring pathology, but its potential fatality and high risk of disability make its study relevant throughout the world [7]. It can affect any person regardless of gender or age [5], including children and adolescences [1, 3].

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